What is Happening to Afghan Refugees in Iran: A Humanitarian and Moral Crisis by Niloufar Pourzand Summary In her talk at York University’s Centre for Refugee Studies, Niloufar Pourzand described the accelerating expulsion of Afghan refugees from Iran as one of the gravest human rights crises in the region. She recalled two decades of professional and personal connection to Afghanistan and condemned the forced return of up to two million Afghans from Iran in 2025, calling the deportations a violation of international law and fundamental human rights conventions. The mass expulsions, she explained, intensified after the June 2025 war involving Israel and the United States and have left countless families destitute, separated, and stateless.